Information Asymmetry, Good Corporate Governance, and Deferred Tax Expenses Affect Earnings Management
Abstract
Profit control is an action taken by company management to change financial statements to make them appear more favourable to stakeholders. This is, of course, influenced by various factors, including internal factors as well as external factors. In this research, the author intends to analyse external factors using information asymmetry proxies for earnings management, while the internal factors that the author raises are corporate governance, or good corporate governance, as well as financial reports in the form of deferred tax expenses. This research aims to analyse the influence of information asymmetry, institutional ownership, size of the board of commissioners, and deferred tax burden on earnings management practices in the corporate context. This study uses financial data of companies listed on the stock exchange and performs statistical analysis to identify the relationship between the variables mentioned above and earnings management practices. The data used comes from a certain period, covering various industries. The data analysis method uses quantitative descriptive analysis, classical assumption testing, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing. The findings indicated that institutional ownership information asymmetry, deferred tax expense, and board size did not significantly affect earnings management, even though board size had a favourable and significant influence. The board of commissioners' size, however, has a favourable and noteworthy impact. At the same time, there is no discernible impact on earnings management from the knowledge asymmetry of institutional ownership, board size, or deferred tax expense.
References
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Harahap, H. P. (2018). The Influence of Information Asymmetry on Earnings Management With Good Corporate Governance (GCG) as the Moderating variable. The Indonesian Accounting Review, 7(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.14414/tiar.v7i1.685
Hernando, R. (2019). The Effect of Information Asimmetry On Earnings Management In Companies That Conduct An Initial Public Offering (IPO) On The Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Jurnal Manajemen Dan Bisnis Sriwijaya, 16(4), 222–236. https://doi.org/10.29259/jmbs.v16i4.7668
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Ismail, F. (2018). Statistika Penelitian. Prenamedia Group.
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Leksono, A. W., Albertus, S. S., & Vhalery, R. (2019). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan dan Profitabilitas terhadap Agresivitas Pajak pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Listing di BEI Periode Tahun 2013–2017. JABE (Journal of Applied Business and Economic), 5(4), 301–314.
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Malik, M. (2015). Can Governance Mitigate Real Earnings Management? Abstract. Journal of Knowledge Globalization, 8(1), 37–87. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4535234
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Pangestuti, W. A., & Setyawan, W. (2019). Pengaruh Kualitas Audit dan Dewan Komisaris Independen terhadap Manajemen Laba.
Pramitha, A. N. (2021). Pengaruh Struktur Kepemilikan, Ukuran Komite Audit, Ukuran Dewan Komisaris, dan Jenis Kepemilikan Terhadap Manajemen Laba.
Prastiti, A., & Meiranto, W. (2013). Pengaruh Karakteristik Dewan Komisaris dan Komite Audit Terhadap Manajemen Laba. Diponegoro, 2(4), 1–12.
Repousis, S. (2016). Using Beneish model to detect corporate financial statement fraud in Greece. Journal of Financial Crime, 23(4), 1063–1073. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-11-2014-0055
Riyanto, S., & Hatmawan, A. . (2019). Metode Riset Penelitian Kuantitatif Penelitian Di Bidang Managemen, Teknik, Pendidikan dan Eksperimen. CV Budi Utama.
Rizka, N. (2019). Analisis Pengaruh Corporate Governance, Leverage, dan Kualitas Audit Terhadap Manajemen Laba Dengan Ukuran Perusahaan Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi pada Perusahaan Consumer Goods yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia.
Sajjad, T., Abbas, N., Hussain, D. S., SabeehUllah, D., & Waheed, A. (2019). The impact of Corporate Governance, Product Market Competition on Earning Management Practices. Journal of Managerial Sciences, 13(2), 59–83. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Shahzad-Hussain-4/publication/334559207_The_impact_of_Corporate_Governance_Product_Market_Competition_on_Earning_Management_Practices/links/5d314c9392851cf440901f6c/The-impact-of-Corporate-Governance-Product-Market-Com
Sules Jayanti, M. Sodik, & Hartini P. P. (2020). Pengaruh Perencanaan Pajak Dan Beban Pajak Tangguhan Terhadap Manajemen Laba. Journal of Public and Business Accounting, 1(01), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.31328/jopba.v1i01.79
Suta, I. W. P., Agustina, P. A. A., & Sugiarta, I. N. (2016). Pengaruh Kebijakan Utang pada Nilai Perusahaan dengan Kepemilikan Institusional sebagai Variabel Moderasi (Studi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur di Bursa Efek Indonesia). Jurnal Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 12(3), 173–185.
Tampubolon, L. D. (2019). Analisis penghindaran pajak, beban pajak tangguhan, dan koneksi politik terhadap manajemen laba. Jurnal Akuntansi, Keuangan, Dan Manajemen, 1(1), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.35912/jakman.v1i1.5
Wijaya, G. E., Wahyuni, M. A., & Yuniarta, G. A. (2017). Pengaruh Asimetri Informasi, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Kepemilikan Manajerial terhadap Praktek Manajemen Laba pada Perusahaan Manufaktur di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Tahun 2013-2015. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Akuntansi Undiksha, 8(2), 1–12.
Yahya, A., Nurjanah, R., & Kustina, L. (2023). Net Profit Margin Sebagai Moderator Tax Planning Dan Corporate Social Responsibility Pada Manajemen Laba. Journal Ecogen, 6(3), 329–337. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jmpe.v6i3.14632
Yahya, A., & Wahyuningsih, D. (2020). Pengaruh Perencanaan dan Aset Pajak Tangguhan Terhadap Manajemen Laba Pada Perusahaan Telekomunikasi dan Konstruksi Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2013 – 2017. Sosiohumanitas, 21(2), 86–92. https://doi.org/10.36555/sosiohumanitas.v21i2.1242
Yustiningarti, N. D., & Asyik, N. F. (2017). PENGARUH ASIMETRI INFORMASI , MEKANISME CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DAN KOMPENSASI BONUS TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA. 6(September), 1–17.
Zakia, V., Diana, N., & Mawardi, M. C. (2019). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Manajerial, Kepemilikan Institusional, Ukuran Perusahaan, Leverage, Profitabilitas, Pertumbuhan Penjualan Terhadap Manajemen Laba Dengan Good Corporate Governance Sebagai Variabel Moderating. E-Jounal Riset Akuntansi, 08(04), 26–39.
Aleqab, M. M., & Ighnaim, M. M. (2021). The impact of board characteristics on earnings management. Journal of Governance and Regulation, 10(3), 8–17. https://doi.org/10.22495/JGRV10I3ART1
Baradja, L., Basri, Y. Z., & Sasmi, V. (2017). Pengaruh beban pajak tangguhan, perencanaan pajak dan aktiva pajak tangguhan terhadap manajemen laba. 0832(September), 191–206.
Barus, A. C., & Setiawati, K. (2015). Pengaruh Asimetri Informasi, Mekanisme Corporate Governance dan Beban Pajak Tangguhan Terhadap Manajemen Laba. JWEM (Jurnal Wira Ekonomi Mikroskil), 5(1), 31–40.
Bunaca, R. A., & Nuryadi. (2019). The Impact of Deferred Tax Expense and Tax Planning Toward Earnings Management And Profitability. Jurnal Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 21(2), 215–236.
Feronika, D. A. C., Merawati, L. K., & Yuliastuti, I. A. N. (2021). Pengaruh Asimetri Informasi, Corporate Governance, Net Profit Margin (NPM), dan Kompensasi Bonus terhadap Manajemen Laba. Kharisma, 3(1), 150–161.
Harahap, H. P. (2018). The Influence of Information Asymmetry on Earnings Management With Good Corporate Governance (GCG) as the Moderating variable. The Indonesian Accounting Review, 7(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.14414/tiar.v7i1.685
Hernando, R. (2019). The Effect of Information Asimmetry On Earnings Management In Companies That Conduct An Initial Public Offering (IPO) On The Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Jurnal Manajemen Dan Bisnis Sriwijaya, 16(4), 222–236. https://doi.org/10.29259/jmbs.v16i4.7668
Indriantoro, N., & Supomo, B. (2018). Metodologi Penelitian Bisnis Untuk Akuntansi dan Manajemen (Pertama). BPFE.
Ismail, F. (2018). Statistika Penelitian. Prenamedia Group.
Kanji, L. (2019). Perencanaan Pajak dan Beban Pajak Tangguhan terhadap Manajemen Laba Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Bongaya Journal for Research in Accounting (BJRA), 2(1), 20–27. https://doi.org/10.37888/bjra.v2i1.108
Karnawati, Y. (2018). Laba Dan Kinerja Perusahaan ( Studi Empiris Pada. Jurnal Ekonomi, 9(November).
Leksono, A. W., Albertus, S. S., & Vhalery, R. (2019). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan dan Profitabilitas terhadap Agresivitas Pajak pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Listing di BEI Periode Tahun 2013–2017. JABE (Journal of Applied Business and Economic), 5(4), 301–314.
Luthan, E., Satria, I., & Ilmainir. (2016). The Effect of Good Corporate Governance Mechanism to Earnings Management before and after IFRS Convergence. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 219, 465–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.021
Malik, M. (2015). Can Governance Mitigate Real Earnings Management? Abstract. Journal of Knowledge Globalization, 8(1), 37–87. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4535234
Mulyanto, H., & Wulandari, A. (2019). Penelitian: Metode dan Analisis. CV Agung.
Mustika, M. (2019). Examining the Impact of Corporate Governance and Asymmetry Information towards Earning Quality (A Case Study: Manufacturing Companies in Indonesia). 73(Aicar 2018), 88–92. https://doi.org/10.2991/aicar-18.2019.20
Narsa, N. P. D. R. H., Afifa, L. M. E., & Wardhaningrum, O. A. (2023). Fraud triangle and earnings management based on the modified M-score: A study on manufacturing company in Indonesia. Heliyon, 9(2), e13649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13649
Negara, G. R. P., & Suputra, D. (2017). Pengaruh Perencanaan Pajak Dan Beban Pajak Tangguhan Terhadap Manajemen Laba. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana, 20(3), 2045–2072.
Nursiam & Nilam. (2020). Analisis Pengaruh Beban Pajak Tangguhan, Perencanaan Pajak, Asimetri Informasi, dan Free Cash Flow terhadap Manajemen Laba. 1–15.
Pangestuti, W. A., & Setyawan, W. (2019). Pengaruh Kualitas Audit dan Dewan Komisaris Independen terhadap Manajemen Laba.
Pramitha, A. N. (2021). Pengaruh Struktur Kepemilikan, Ukuran Komite Audit, Ukuran Dewan Komisaris, dan Jenis Kepemilikan Terhadap Manajemen Laba.
Prastiti, A., & Meiranto, W. (2013). Pengaruh Karakteristik Dewan Komisaris dan Komite Audit Terhadap Manajemen Laba. Diponegoro, 2(4), 1–12.
Repousis, S. (2016). Using Beneish model to detect corporate financial statement fraud in Greece. Journal of Financial Crime, 23(4), 1063–1073. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-11-2014-0055
Riyanto, S., & Hatmawan, A. . (2019). Metode Riset Penelitian Kuantitatif Penelitian Di Bidang Managemen, Teknik, Pendidikan dan Eksperimen. CV Budi Utama.
Rizka, N. (2019). Analisis Pengaruh Corporate Governance, Leverage, dan Kualitas Audit Terhadap Manajemen Laba Dengan Ukuran Perusahaan Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi pada Perusahaan Consumer Goods yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia.
Sajjad, T., Abbas, N., Hussain, D. S., SabeehUllah, D., & Waheed, A. (2019). The impact of Corporate Governance, Product Market Competition on Earning Management Practices. Journal of Managerial Sciences, 13(2), 59–83. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Shahzad-Hussain-4/publication/334559207_The_impact_of_Corporate_Governance_Product_Market_Competition_on_Earning_Management_Practices/links/5d314c9392851cf440901f6c/The-impact-of-Corporate-Governance-Product-Market-Com
Sules Jayanti, M. Sodik, & Hartini P. P. (2020). Pengaruh Perencanaan Pajak Dan Beban Pajak Tangguhan Terhadap Manajemen Laba. Journal of Public and Business Accounting, 1(01), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.31328/jopba.v1i01.79
Suta, I. W. P., Agustina, P. A. A., & Sugiarta, I. N. (2016). Pengaruh Kebijakan Utang pada Nilai Perusahaan dengan Kepemilikan Institusional sebagai Variabel Moderasi (Studi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur di Bursa Efek Indonesia). Jurnal Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 12(3), 173–185.
Tampubolon, L. D. (2019). Analisis penghindaran pajak, beban pajak tangguhan, dan koneksi politik terhadap manajemen laba. Jurnal Akuntansi, Keuangan, Dan Manajemen, 1(1), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.35912/jakman.v1i1.5
Wijaya, G. E., Wahyuni, M. A., & Yuniarta, G. A. (2017). Pengaruh Asimetri Informasi, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Kepemilikan Manajerial terhadap Praktek Manajemen Laba pada Perusahaan Manufaktur di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Tahun 2013-2015. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Akuntansi Undiksha, 8(2), 1–12.
Yahya, A., Nurjanah, R., & Kustina, L. (2023). Net Profit Margin Sebagai Moderator Tax Planning Dan Corporate Social Responsibility Pada Manajemen Laba. Journal Ecogen, 6(3), 329–337. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jmpe.v6i3.14632
Yahya, A., & Wahyuningsih, D. (2020). Pengaruh Perencanaan dan Aset Pajak Tangguhan Terhadap Manajemen Laba Pada Perusahaan Telekomunikasi dan Konstruksi Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2013 – 2017. Sosiohumanitas, 21(2), 86–92. https://doi.org/10.36555/sosiohumanitas.v21i2.1242
Yustiningarti, N. D., & Asyik, N. F. (2017). PENGARUH ASIMETRI INFORMASI , MEKANISME CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DAN KOMPENSASI BONUS TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA. 6(September), 1–17.
Zakia, V., Diana, N., & Mawardi, M. C. (2019). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Manajerial, Kepemilikan Institusional, Ukuran Perusahaan, Leverage, Profitabilitas, Pertumbuhan Penjualan Terhadap Manajemen Laba Dengan Good Corporate Governance Sebagai Variabel Moderating. E-Jounal Riset Akuntansi, 08(04), 26–39.
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